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Post by sam9710 on Jan 18, 2014 9:25:19 GMT -8
Hi every one!
I want to know about subspecies of Papilio bianor,how many subspecies of it in China?And names?I have not find such a article on the internet.I need for help..And I want to collect all the subspecies in China(maybe will be really hard,but i think i will collect them as much as possible.) and compare them,in searching difference and similarity of them .And connect with theirs ecological.But the research in China is very confused,many specimens have no collecting data and less people divide them into subspecies..It is very difficult for collecting...I even dont know how many subspecies of them in China.So I need some help!Even tell me some subspecies you know have distribute in China will make a great help!
Thank you!! >_<
Ge sixun.
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Post by Adam Cotton on Jan 18, 2014 11:01:55 GMT -8
There are 2 subspecies of Papilio bianor in mainland China:
1. Papilio bianor bianor from Sichuan across the country to Guangdong and as far north as Shandong
2. Papilio bianor gladiator from NW Yunnan southeastwards to the Red River Valley at the Vietnam border. It seems also that specimens from Motuo area of S Tibet are this subspecies.
Between these two subspecies there seems to be a border zone along the northern Yunnan border, where there is at least some genetic interchange between them.
In NE China there is a separate species, Papilio dehaanii, which is often known as Papilio bianor dehaanii. Breeding experiments and DNA analysis have shown that these are indeed separate species, and this is sympatric with Papilio bianor in Shandong. The Chinese subspecies is Papilio dehaanii dehaanii as in Korea and most of Japan.
In Taiwan there are two subspecies of Papilio bianor, thrasymedes on the main island and kotoensis on LanYu island to the southeast. There is also a population on Lu Tao Island (north of LanYu) which is intermediate, and sometimes called kwashotoensis, but this name has not been validly published.
In the Yaeyama islands (Ishigaki etc) of Japan, northeast of Taiwan, is Papilio bianor okinawensis (= junia), but the butterflies in the Japanese islands (Okinawa, Amami, Tokara) between there and the main islands of Japan all belong to Papilio dehaanii, although some people separate them as a third species, Papilio ryukyensis.
I hope this helps. Please ask if you have more questions.
Adam.
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Post by sam9710 on Jan 18, 2014 20:11:28 GMT -8
Hi Adam!
Thanks a lot for your reply!
It really made a great help!
Umm,there are only two subspecies in mainland China.It is really astonished me..May be there are so much forms of them...
And I still have some question..Is papilio dehaanii distribute in Shandong ?There is a species in Qingdao as same as in Japan.
And what about P.polyctor?It is really similar to P.bianor,What is theres main difference?
Thank you !!
Ge sixun
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Post by sam9710 on Jan 18, 2014 20:13:17 GMT -8
Oh,here is still 2 questions
Is P.bianor distribute in Qinghai?And what about Neimenggol?
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Post by Adam Cotton on Jan 19, 2014 7:09:55 GMT -8
Hi Adam! Thanks a lot for your reply! It really made a great help! Umm,there are only two subspecies in mainland China.It is really astonished me..May be there are so much forms of them... And I still have some question..Is papilio dehaanii distribute in Shandong ?There is a species in Qingdao as same as in Japan. And what about P.polyctor?It is really similar to P.bianor,What is theres main difference? Thank you !! Ge sixun Yes, the different generations of Papilio bianor look quite different, especially when comparing the spring and summer forms. As I said above Papilio bianor and P. dehaanii are sympatric in Shandong. That means that they both occur there. Sorry if you didn't understand the technical term. I expect that in Qingdao area you will certainly find P. dehaanii (same as Japan) and maybe P. bianor as well in some places, although P. dehaanii is much commoner in Shandong than P. bianor . Normally they do not mate with each other, but when they do the offspring are sterile. There is no difference between P. polyctor and P. bianor, they are the same species. For about 100 years everyone thought that they were separate species because Fruhstorfer reported finding both in Tonkin (northern Vietnam), but they are just darker or greener forms of the same species. So the subspecies from Thailand, India and Burma that used to be called P. polyctor are all nowadays placed as subspecies of P. bianor, and polyctor is just the subspecies name for the population from NW Himalayas. Adam. |
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Post by Adam Cotton on Jan 19, 2014 7:16:54 GMT -8
Oh,here is still 2 questions Is P.bianor distribute in Qinghai?And what about Neimenggol? I doubt that P. bianor would be found in Qinghai, as it is mostly too high altitude for the species, but it is possible that it might be in suitable habitat in the valleys. I have never heard of P. bianor in Qinghai though. Similarly I have never heard of it from Neimenggol, and rather doubt that it will be found there. In reality though, it is possible that either P. bianor or P. dehaanii could be there, but there are very few records of butterflies from that area at all. I don't even know if there would be suitable habitat there or not. Both of these places may be too dry for P. bianor in reality. Adam. |
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Post by sam9710 on Jan 19, 2014 8:13:03 GMT -8
Oh ,thanks a lot!
I can understand ,it really did a great help!
Thank you!
And a question:
The P.polyctor is a subspecies of bianor ,it will means the polyctor distribute in yunnan is not the real polyctor,they are glatior,and there is no polyctor distribute in China,isn't it?
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Post by Adam Cotton on Jan 19, 2014 12:25:18 GMT -8
Oh ,thanks a lot! I can understand ,it really did a great help! Thank you! And a question: The P.polyctor is a subspecies of bianor ,it will means the polyctor distribute in yunnan is not the real polyctor,they are glatior,and there is no polyctor distribute in China,isn't it? Yes that is correct ' polyctor' from Yunnan is P. bianor gladiator. Real P. bianor polyctor occurs in NW India and Pakistan. Also green forms of bianor do occur in Sichuan, and these were thought to be polyctor as well. Harada (1992) bred Sichuan Papilio bianor and some specimens of the next generation were the green polyctor phenotype. His conclusions that polyctor is the same species as bianor were later shown to be correct by DNA analysis. Adam. |
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Post by sam9710 on Jan 19, 2014 22:20:15 GMT -8
OK,
I learned a lot !Many thanks!
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